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关于句子成分和时态

来源:www.cakafa.com 2024-03-08

The woman was worried it would take her years to settle her account with the hospital. 她非常担忧自己可能要花很多年去还清这笔医药费。

上面这段英文和翻译来自沪江,我想请哪位老师,帮我划一下这个句子的成分,再说一下句子里用到的时态和语态,先在这里谢过了。

The woman was worried it would take her years to settle her account with the hospital. 她非常担忧自己可能要花很多年去还清这笔医药费。

【答】把该句分为两部分:

1. The woman was worried:看作主句。

2. it would take her years to settle her account with the hospital:看作缘由状语从句,it前省略了从属连词that。

在本从句中,it是形式主语,to settle her account with the hospital是真的主语。

3. 把that从句看作是was worried是什么原因,主如果从语义考虑的。

在“be + 形容词 + that”结构中,关于that从句的成分划分,一般分为两种状况:

1. 作“be + 形容词”是什么原因状语。

2. 作“be + 形容词”的宾语。

下面,具体对“主语(人) + be + 形容词 + that 从句”进行剖析。

句子的主干是“主系表结构”,这应该没异议。重要是,这个that从句到底干什么成分?

我觉得,单纯从结构上是没方法对that从句作出划分成分的。只有从语用学角度,也就是从语义上考虑,才是最好的办法。因此,应依据形容词与that从句的关系作为判断的规范。

▲这类that从句,在乎思上确实表达了形容词的“缘由”。这种形容名词总是表示“情绪变化”的意义。依据语义,最美作缘由状语从分句。

He was pleasedthat at last he was extricated. 他非常高兴他终于获得知道脱。

Im sorrythat your husband lost his job. 你老公把工作丢了,我非常惋惜。

Hes very gladthat youve come to see him. 你来看他,他特别高兴。

They are proudthat she is doing well at school. 他们为她出色的学习成绩感到骄傲。

Father was angrythat Tom had broken the glass. 汤姆把杯子摔破了,爸爸非常生气。

▲“be+形容词”表达的意思,对that从句具备“相信、推断、怀疑、判断”等关系,那样,把that从句视为宾语从句最好。比如:

I’m afraid that he isn’t back yet. 恐怕他还没有回来。

We’re sure that they will stand behind us. 大家一定他们会支持大家。

They were confident that they would overcome the difficulties. 他们有信心能克服困难。

I am certain that he will deliver on his promise. 我确信他会履行诺言。

与上述状况不同,这类例句的that从句跟形容词没有因果关系,而是含有动宾关系。“be+形容词”可以转换为一个及物动词。

比如:

I’m afraid that he isn’t back yet. 恐怕他还没有回来。

We’re sure that they will stand behind us. 大家一定他们会支持大家。

除此之外,关于句子时态和语态,这不是问题。主句的was worried:一般过去时,是系表结构,不是被动语态。从句的it would...过去以后时。


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