例题分析：
passage 1
Soot1 （煤灰） and Snow：a Hot Combination
New research from NASA scientists suggests emissions3 of black soot alter the way
sunlight reflects off snow．According to a computer simulation，black soot may be
responsible for 25 percent of observed global warming over the past century．
Soot in the higher latitudes4 of the Earth，where ice is more common，absorbs more of the suns energy and warmth than an icy,white background．Dark-colored black carbon，or soot，absorbs sunlight, while lighter5 colored ice reflects sunlight．
Soot in areas with snow and ice may play an important role in climate change．Also，if snow and ice covered areas begin melting，the warming effect increases，as the soot becomes more concentrated on the snow surface．This provides a positive feedback．as glaciers6 and ice sheets melt，they tend to get even dirtier,said Dr．James Hansen，a researcher at NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies．New York．
Hansen found soots effect on snow albedo ，which may be contributing to trends toward early springs in the Northern Hemisphere，such as thinning Arctic sea ice，melting glaciers and permafrost．Soot also is believed to play a role in changes in the atmosphere above the oceans and land．
Black carbon reduces the amount of energy reflected by snow back into space，thus heating the snow surface more than if there were no black carbon，Hansen said．Soots increased absorption of solar energy is especially effective in warming the worlds climate．
This forcing is unusually effective，causing twice as much global warming as a
carbon．dioxide forcing of the same magnitude．Hansen noted7．
Hansen cautioned，although the role of soot in altering global climate is substantial，it does not alter the fact that greenhouse gases are the primary cause of climate warming during the past century．Such gases are expected to be the largest climate forcing for the rest of this century．
The researchers found that observed warming in the Northern Hemisphere was large in the winter and spring at middle and high latitudes．These observations were consistent with the researchersclimate model simulations．which showed some of the 1argest warming effects occurred when there were heavy snow cover and sufficient sunlight．
1．Paragraph 3 __.
2．Paragraph4 __.
3．Paragraph 6 __.
4．Paragraph 7 __.
5． In the twentieth century，soot __.
A Soots Role in Changes in the Climate and the Atmosphere
B Observations of Warming in the Northern Hemisphere
C Explanation of Increased Warming Effect Caused by Soot
D Effect to Reduce Snow Albedo
E Ways to Reduce Soot Emission2
F Greenhouse Gases as the Main Factor of G10bal Warming
5. In the twentieth century, soot ___.
6．Hansen cautioned that greenhouse gases__.
7． Black soot covered snow and ice__.
8． A soot forcing is unusually effective，which__.
A produces much more global warming than a carbon-dioxide forcing of the same magnitude
B contributed to 25 percent of observed global warming
C can produce greenhouse gases
D absorb more of suns energy and warmth than white background
E still surpass soot in warming the worldS climate during the last century
F can be seen mostly in the Northern Hemisphere
答案及分析：
1． 文章标题剖析：Soot （煤灰） and Snow：a Hot Combination
依据标题内容可以判断该文章与自然环境（环境污染）有关。
2．被选项剖析：
A Soots Role in Changes in the Climate and the Atmosphere
B Observations of Warming in the Northern Hemisphere
C Explanation of Increased Warming Effect Caused by Soot
C Effect to Reduce Snow Albedo （反照率）
E Ways to Reduce Soot Emission
F Greenhouse Gases as the Main Factor of G1obal Warming
剖析：被选项中都涉及到了文章标题所揭示的核心词，划线结构是小标题中的核心结构，也是可以用作答案线索的结构。
直接解题：
A Soots Role in Changes in the Climate and the Atmosphere
B Observations of Warming in the Northern Hemisphere
C Explanation of Increased Warming Effect Caused by Soot
C Effect to Reduce Snow Albedo （反照率）
E Ways to Reduce Soot Emission
F Greenhouse Gases as the Main Factor of G1obal Warming
1． Paragraph 3 __.
Soot in areas with snow and ice may play an important role in climate change．Also，if snow and ice- covered areas begin melting，the warming effect increases，as the soot becomes more concentrated on the snow surface．This provides a positive feedback, as glaciers and ice sheets melt，they tend to get even dirtier, said Dr．James Hansen，a researcher at NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies．New York．
1．C． 剖析：段首句的大意和用词好像在暗示A是答案。但在下文中没具体提到soot是怎么样改变气候的（排除A）。段落中soot出现了两次，因此重点注意包括soot的被选项： C和E。段落中没提到有关煤灰散发的问题，所以排除E，选择C。
提示：在借用段首句内容的时候判断答案的时候还应该扫视一下全文。
A Soots Role in Changes in the Climate and the Atmosphere
B Observations of Warming in the Northern Hemisphere
C Effect to Reduce Snow Albedo （反照率）
E Ways to Reduce Soot Emission
F Greenhouse Gases as the Main Factor of G1obal Warming
2． Paragraph4 __
（Hansen found soots effect on snow albedo ，which may be contributing to trends toward early springs in the Northern Hemisphere，such as thinning Arctic sea ice，melting glaciers and permafrost）．Soot also is believed to play a role in changes in the atmosphere above the oceans and land．
2．A．剖析：由于段落中soot出现了两次，因此重点注意包括soot的被选项： A和E，同样段落中没提到有关煤灰散发的问题，所以判断A是答案（段落最后一句（看法句）的意思与A一致）
提示：避重就轻法段首句复杂则看段未句。
B Observations of Warming in the Northern Hemisphere
C Effect to Reduce Snow Albedo （反照率）
E Ways to Reduce Soot Emission
F Greenhouse Gases as the Main Factor of G1obal Warming
3． Paragraph 6 __.
Hansen cautioned，although the role of soot in altering global climate is substantial，it does not alter the fact that greenhouse gases are the primary cause of climate warming during the past century．Such gases are expected to be the largest climate forcing for the rest of this century．
3． F。 剖析：由于段落中gas出现了两次，因此重点注意包括gas的被选项：F。而F中的内容正好与段首句中的核心结构（it does not alter the fact that greenhouse gases are the primary cause of climate warming during the past century（它没改变温室效应是在过去的世纪中导致气候变暖的重要原因这个事实））一致。
B Observations of Warming in the Northern Hemisphere
C Effect to Reduce Snow Albedo （反照率）
E Ways to Reduce Soot Emission
4．Paragraph 7 __.
The researchers found that observed warming in the Northern Hemisphere was large in the winter and spring at middle and high latitudes．（These observations were consistent with the researchersclimate model simulations, which showed some of the 1argest warming effects occurred when there were heavy snow cover and sufficient sunlight．）
4． B．剖析：段首句中出现了Northern Hemisphere，而下面的句子中出现了These observations，这类词都被包括在B中，因此判断B是答案。
A produces much more global warming than a carbon-dioxide forcing of the same magnitude
B contributed to 25 percent of observed global warming
C can produce greenhouse gases
D absorb more of suns energy and warmth than white background
E still surpass soot in warming the worlds climate during the last century
F can be seen mostly in the Northern Hemisphere
5. In the twentieth century, soot ___.
5. B。剖析：结合文章标题（主题）Soot （煤灰） and Snow：a Hot Combination，判断B非常可能是答案。也可以借用文章中的有关语句：According to a computer simulation，black soot may be responsible for 25 percent of observed global warming over the past century．
A produces much more global warming than a carbon-dioxide forcing of the same magnitude
C can produce greenhouse gases
D absorb more of suns energy and warmth than white background
E still surpass soot in warming the worlds climate during the last century
F can be seen mostly in the Northern Hemisphere
6。Hansen cautioned that greenhouse gases__.
6．E． 剖析：文章中提到温室气体仍然是导致全球温度上升的主要原因，因此判断E是答案。
A produces much more global warming than a carbon-dioxide forcing of the same magnitude
C can produce greenhouse gases
D absorb more of suns energy and warmth than white background
F can be seen mostly in the Northern Hemisphere
7． Black soot covered snow and ice__.
7． D。剖析：该题可以借用知识直接判断D是答案（带有煤灰的冰和雪要比白色的背景吸收的热量多）。
A produces much more global warming than a carbon-dioxide forcing of the same magnitude
C can produce greenhouse gases
F can be seen mostly in the Northern Hemisphere
8. A soot forcing is unusually effective，which__.
8． A。剖析：借用提干中的核心词soot forcing作为答案线索，如此发现答案有关句：Soots increased absorption of solar energy is especially effective in warming the worlds climate．This forcing is unusually effective，causing twice as much global warming as a carbon-dioxide forcing of the same magnitude（数目）.
