She had several books published. 这个句子译成中文,有几种意义?
★ have sth. done:从结构上有两种理解,1. 过去分词用作宾语补足语;2. 过去分词作定语。
该句式可以有多种表意功能。
▲ 关于第一种结构:过去分词用作宾语补足语。
have sth. done结构中,过去分词用作宾语补足语时,have是使役动词。一直以来,多数网友都觉得,这个句型的意思是“让其他人做某事”。但,新课标人教高中课本有如此一个句子:When do the students have to have their poems completed? 这个句子是否说“学生要让其他人帮他们完成诗歌”?依据现实和语境,这是不可能的事情,由于大家反对学生让其他人代笔。
这句话的意思应当是:“学生什么时间需要写完他们的诗歌?”显然是“自己写诗歌”,不是替人捉刀。have sth. done 不肯定都是“让其他人做某事”,有时是主语自己去做,这要具体状况具体剖析。这个句型主要有4种含义,现分别举比如下:
表示主语主动让其他人或者只能让其他人做的事情:
When did you have your hair cut? 你什么时间理的发?
Later, Catherine II had the Amber Room moved to the palace outside St Petersburg. 后来,凯瑟琳二世派人把琥珀屋搬到圣彼得堡以外的宫殿。
We had the machine repaired. 大家请人维修了机器。
Can I have this parcel weighed here? 我可以在这儿称一下这个包裹吗?
I want to have my daughter educated in
表示主语遭遇见不想发生的事情:
She had her hands burnt when she was cooking supper. 做晚饭时,她的手被烫伤了。
Tom had his pocket picked in the supermarket. 在超市里汤姆的口袋被小偷光顾了。
John had his arm broken. 约翰的手臂摔断了。
He had his window broken to pieces. 他的窗户给打破了。
表示主语自己做,而不是让其他人做的事情:
After they had their homework finished, the children went out to play.完成了作业之后,孩子们出去玩耍。
Have your medicine taken three times a day. Don’t forget it. 1日三次服药,别忘了。
We now have the problem solved. 大家现已把这个问题解决了。
I’ve had all my mistakes corrected. 我已把所有些错误都改正过来了。
表示容忍或允许某人做某事,多用于否定句,尤与 won’t, can’t连用:
I won’t have anything said against her. 我不允许哪个说她的坏话。
I refuse to have my house used as a hotel. 我不想让我的家给弄得像旅馆似的。
The old lady couldn’t have her room filled with a noisy crowd. 老太太不想让她的房间挤满嘈杂的人群。
▲ 关于第二种结构:过去分词作定语。
此种使用方法比较少见。但在特定的语境中,可以见到。这个时候的have表示“拥有”之意。比如:
The businessman has two houses located by the sea. 那个商人有两套坐落在海边的房子。
He has a friend involved in the case. 他有一个卷入此案的朋友。
▲ 综合上述剖析,我觉得:
She had several books published. 可以有以下几种含义:
1. 她(由出版社)出版了几本书。(出版社出版发行)
2. 她 (自行)出版了几本书。(自己印刷发行)
3. 她有几本已刊印出版的书。(意味着:不是手抄本。是否本人撰写,不能而知。)
当然,publish 的意思有不少,主要有:“出版;发表;刊印;发行;发布”等。可以参考这几种意思,酌情翻译。