疑问词如何分类？ 关系代词？关系副词，疑问副词，疑问代词

疑问词如何分类？ 关系代词？关系副词，疑问副词，疑问代词

网友可能误将wh-开头的词理解为都是疑问词了，所以才会这么提问。

wh-开头的词可以分为六类：

1 疑问代词（who/whom/whose/what/which)、疑问限定词（which/what/whose)、疑问副词（when/where/why/how)。这类词就是所谓的疑问词，它们都有疑问含义。它们的句法功能为引导疑问分句：特殊疑问句或间接疑问句（即名词性从句）。传统语法将引导间接疑问句（即名词性从句）的疑问词称为连接代词/副词。但现代语法则没连接代词这一术语。无论引导特殊疑问句还是间接疑问句，wh-词都一律称为疑问词。比如：

What are you doing? 疑问代词引导特殊疑问句

Whose book is this? 疑问限定词引导特殊疑问句

When did he leave? 疑问副词引导特殊疑问句

I asked him what he was doing. 连接代词/疑问代词引导间接疑问句（名词性从句）

Tell me whose book this is. 连接限定词/疑问限定词引导间接疑问句（名词性从句）

I dont know when he left. 连接副词/疑问副词引导间接疑问句（名次性从句）

2 关系代词（who/whom/which）、关系限定词（whose/which)和关系副词（when/where/why). 这类Wh-词是关系词，不含疑问含义，而是指代先行词的意义，与先行词是共指关系（即指代先行词，与先行词表示的是同一个或一些人/事物/地址/时间/方法/缘由/内容等）。它们的句法用途就是引导关系分句（即传统语法中的定语从句）。比如：

The book which I bought yesterday is on the desk. 关系代词引导定语从句

The fire lasted three hours, during which time everything in the house was destroyed. 关系限定词引导定语从句

I still remember the time when we met the first time. 关系副词引导定语从句

3 融合型关系代词（what/whatever/whichever/whoever/whomever)、融合型关系限定词（whatever/whichever/whosever)和融合型关系副词（when/whenever/where/wherever).

融合型关系词同样没疑问含义。融合型关系代词集先行词与关系代词汇一身，等于先行词+关系代词。融合型关系限定词集限定词与关系代词于一身（但不包含先行词），等于限定词+（先行词）+关系代词。融合型关系副词集先行词+关系副词或介词+先行词+关系副词于一身，等于先行词+关系副词或介词+先行词+关系副词。它们的句法功能是：1） 引导名词性关系分句。 2 ）融合型关系副词还可以引导状语从句/副词性关系分句。比如：

Dont believe what he told you. 融合型关系代词引导名词性关系分句。what=the word which

I will buy whichever car is cheapest. 融合型关系限定词引导名词性关系分出。whichever car=any car that

This is where Tom had the car accident. 融合型关系副词引导名词性关系分句。where=the place where

Put the book where you put it yesterday. 融合型关系副词引导状语从句/副词性关系分句。where=in the place where. 和 感叹副词（how）。它们没疑问含义，而是表示“多么”、“这样”如此的感叹意义。其句法功能为引导感叹分句：感叹句和间接感叹句。

What a nice car ! 感叹限定词引导感叹句

How fast he runs! 感叹副词引导感叹句

It surprised me how stupit he is. 感叹副词引导间接感叹句

I cant believe what a big mistake he has made. 感叹限定词引导间接感叹句。

5 让步代词（whoever/whomever/whosever)和让步副词（whenever/wherever/however）。它们都有疑问含义，翻译时要译出疑问意义“无论哪个/如何/怎么样/哪儿/什么时间等。其句法功能为引导让步状语从句。比如：

Whoever he is, I dont trust him.

However hard you may try, you wont succeed.

Wherever you are, I will find you out.

以上让步状语从句的引导词都在从句中作成分，故不是连词。我给它们起了名字：让步代词和让步副词。

6 从属连词（whether, when, where, while等）。连词不作分句成分，只引导从句，除去whether既能够引导间接疑问句（名词性从句），也可以引导让步状语从句外，其它词则只引导状语从句。例句从略。