曹老师:有以下几个例句我着实不太了解,麻烦你看一下:
1) I have something difficult to do.
2) I have something important to tell you.
3) He has something new to announce.
4) You should make your speech easy to understand.
5) Please make your questions easy to answer.
这五句话是什么结构啊?Something+adj+to do?
难道有 adj+to do的形式吗?
1) I have something difficult to do.
2) I have something important to tell you.
3) He has something new to announce.
以上三句为同一个种类。在sb have sth to do结构中,不定式为定语,与被修饰名词之间为动宾关系,句子主语是不定式的逻辑主语。比如,I have a letter to write. 我有一封信要写。宾语还可以带有形容词作定语,如,I have an improtant letter to write. 我有一封要紧的信要写。当宾语是不定代词时,形容词修饰不定代词需要是后置定语,就形成了上述三个句子。
4) You should make your speech easy to understand.
5) Please make your questions easy to answer.
以上二个句子中make的宾语补足语为形容词短语。即形容词+修饰形容词的不定式构成形容词短语。大家了解,形容词作宾补时,与宾语的关系等于主语和表语的关系。能作宾补的形容词都是表语形容词。注意easy作表语时的句型变化:
It is easy to answer your questions. 不定式短语为真的主语,it为形式主语,easy为表语。
Your questions are easy to answer. 不定式的逻辑宾语为句子的主语,需要空缺,不定式修饰形容词easy,为形容词的方面状语,easy to answer合起来构成形容词短语作表语。
Make your questions easy to answer. 形容词短语作宾补。形容词短语的中心词是形容词,故宾语your questions 与中心形容词是逻辑主谓关系。但与形容词短语中的不定式为动宾关系,这是easy这个形容词的句型所需要的。第四句与第五句结构相同。