过去分词或目前分词均可以作状语，但它需要依靠句子的主语，即句子的主语就是分词的逻辑主语，被动意义用过去分词；主动意义用目前分词。
1. 过去分词作状语。句子的主语是分词的逻辑宾语，即分词与主语是“被动关系”。如：
Scolded by the teacher, he felt depressed. 因为（他）遭到老师的训斥，他的情绪十分低落。
= Because he was scolded by the teacher, hefelt depressed.
2. 目前分词作状语。句子的主语是分词的逻辑主语，即分词与主语是“主动关系”。如：
Hearing their teacher's voice, the pupils sTOPped talking at once. 一听到老师的声音，学生们立即停止讲话。
= When they heard their teacher's voice,the pupils sTOPped talking at once.
3. 独立主格结构作状语。假如分词不依靠句子的主语，有时依据语句的需要在分词前加一个逻辑主语而构成分词短语，这种分词短语就是“独立主格结构”。如：
His son bullied, Tom got annoyed. 因为儿子遭人欺负，汤姆非常恼火。
= Because his son was bullied, Tom gotannoyed.
Weather permitting, we'll go outing tomorrow. 假如天气允许，大家明天去郊游。
= If weather permits, we'll go outingtomorrow.
4. 悬垂分词作状语。独立主格需自带主语，若省略其主语，则为独立主格的特殊状况，即为“悬垂分词”，建议新手慎用。
Admired by everybody, dozens of letters reached the veteran soldier. 老战士收到了不少信，他被所有人赞扬。
Sitting under an apple tree one night, an idea came to Newton.有一天晚上坐在苹果树下，牛顿脑中闪过一道灵光。
▲ 有的“悬垂分词”用来表示说话人的态度，看问题的角度，或对所叙述的状况进行讲解，为句子的独立成分，其逻辑主语常不需要与句子的主语一致，这也就变成了让人们广泛同意的“固定使用方法”。如：
Strictly speaking, nobody is allowed inhere. 严格地讲，哪个也不允许在这儿。
Judging from his accent, he must be fromthe South. 从他的口音判断，他肯定是南方人。
Taken as a whole, there is nothing wrong withthe book. 总的来讲，这本书没问题。
