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2024年12月大学习英语四级阅读理解100篇精析
Women’s Positions in the 17th Century
Social circumstances in Early Modern England mostly served to repress women’s voices. Patriarchal culture and institutions constructed them as chaste, silent, obedient, and subordinate. At the beginning of the 17th century, the ideology of patriarchy, political absolutism, and gender hierarchy were reaffirmed powerfully by King James in The Trew Law of Free Monarchie and the Basilikon Doron; by that ideology the absolute power of God the supreme patriarch was seen to be imaged in the absolute monarch of the state and in the husband and father of a family. Accordingly, a woman’s subjection, first to her father and then to her husband, imaged the subjection of English people to their monarch, and of all Christians to God. Also, the period saw an outpouring of repressive or overtly misogynist sermons, tracts, and plays, detailing women’s physical and mental defects, spiritual evils, rebelliousness, shrewish ness, and natural inferiority to men.
Yet some social and cultural conditions served to empower women. During the Elizabethan era the culture was dominated by a powerful Queen, who provided an impressive female example though she left scant cultural space for other women. Elizabethan women writers began to produce original texts but were occupied chiefly with translation. In the 17th century, however, various circumstances enabled women to write original texts in some numbers. For one thing, some counterweight to patriarchy was provided by female communities—mothers and daughters, extended kinship networks, close female friends, the separate court of Queen Anne and her often oppositional masques and political activities. For another, most of these women had a reasonably good education and some apparently found in romances and histories more expansive terms for imagining women’s lives. Also, representation of vigorous and rebellious female characters in literature and especially on the stage no doubt helped to undermine any monolithic social construct of women’s mature and role.
Most important, perhaps, was the radical potential inherent in the Protestant insistence on every Christian’s immediate relationship with God and primary responsibility to follow his or her individual conscience. There is plenty of support in St Paul’s epistles and elsewhere in the Bible for patriarchy and a wife’s subjection to her husband, but some texts inscribe a very different politics, promoting women’s spiritual equality: “There is neither Jew nor Greek, there is neither bond nor free, there is neither male nor female: for ye are all one in Jesus Christ.” Such texts encouraged some women to claim the support of God the supreme patriarch against the various earthly patriarchs who claimed to stand toward them in his stead.
There is also the gap or slippage between ideology and common experience. English women throughout the 17th century exercised a good deal of accrual power: as managers of estates in their husbands’ absences at court or on military and diplomatic missions; as members of guilds; as wives and mothers who apex during the English Civil War and Interregnum as the execution of the King and the attendant disruption of social hierarchies led many women to seize new roles—as preachers, as prophetesses, as deputies for exiled royalist husbands, as writers of religious and political tracts.
1. What is the best title for this passage?
[A]. Women’s Position in the 17th Century.
[B]. Women’s Subjection to Patriarchy.
[C]. Social Circumstances in the 17th Century.
[D]. Women’s objection in the 17th Century.
2. What did the Queen Elizabeth do for the women in culture?
[A]. She set an impressive female example to follow.
[B]. She dominated the culture.
[C]. She did little.
[D]. She allowed women to translate something.
3. Which of the following is Not mention as a reason to enable women to originaltexts?
[A].Female communities provided some counterweight to patriarchy.
[B]. Queen Anne’s political activities.
[C]. Most women had a good education.
[D]. Queen Elizabeth’s political activities.
4. What did the religion so for the women?
[A]. It did nothing.
[B]. It too asked women to be obedient except some texts.
[C]. It supported women.
[page]词语分析
1. repress 压制，镇压，约束
2. patriarchy 族长制，父母制
3. chaste 贞洁的，优雅的
4. hierarchy 等级制
5. monarch 君主，最高统治
6. image 象征，反映
7. overtly 公开的，明显的
8. outpour 倾泻
9. sermon 布道，说教
10. tract 政治宗教，小册子传单
11. misogynist 反对妇女
12. shrewish 泼妇似的，爱骂街的
13. counterweight 抗衡
14. consort 配偶
15. masque 化装舞会
16. monolithic 铁板一样的，磐石般的
17. epistle 圣经•新约中的使徒书
18. Galatians 新约圣经中加拉太书
19. inscribe 写，题写，铭记
难句分析
1. Also, the period saw an outpouring ofrepressive or overtly misogynist sermons,tracts, and plays, detailing women’s physicaland mental defects, spiritual evils,rebelliousness, shrewish ness, and naturalinferiority to men.
[结构简析] 这是一种句型，年代，时间+see, find 等动词+宾语。
[参考译文] 这一时期出来很多约束或明显反对妇女的布道，小册子和戏剧，详细地描述了妇女精神上和肉体上的缺点，精神罪恶，不听话，凶狠，天生低于男性的品性。
2. Such texts encouraged some women to claim the support of God the supremepatriarch against the various earthly patriarchs who claimed to stand toward them inhis stead.
[结构简析] in one’s stead 代替某人。
[参考译文] 如此的版本鼓励有的妇女去寻求最高父母，上帝的支持，以对抗各种各样凡间父母，他们声称替代上帝应对她们。
答案解析
1. A. 17世纪英国妇女地位。见上面文章大意。
B. 妇女服从于家族制。 D. 17世纪妇女的反抗，都是A.内容中的一部分，不可以作为最好标题。 C. 17世纪英国社会形式，只能作为背景出现。
2. C. 她没干什么。英女皇伊丽莎白在位时期间在文化上并没妇女做过什么。这在第二段讲得非常了解。“伊丽莎白统治时期，文化范围为强有里女皇所控制，她本人确实树立了让人难忘的妇女形象，可是她并没为其它妇女可以创作一些东西。”见前面列出之缘由和下一道题的A. B. C.
3. D. 伊丽莎白女皇的政治活动。这文内没提及。
A. 妇女亲情网对父母制进行抗衡。 B. 安娜女皇的政治活动。 C. 大部分妇女都受过好教育。这三项在第二段中都提到。“第一，妇女亲情关系，如妈妈，女儿，他们的亲戚网，好友;安娜女皇单独的宫殿，她那对立的化装舞会和政治活动都和族长制予以抗衡。”
4. B. 除去某些文本外，它也需要妇女服从。第一段，见上述内容。第三段集中论述这一点。“或许，非常重要的是基督教固有潜在激进性。它坚持倡导每一个基督徒和上帝的直接关系，坚持人第一责任是服从她或他的良知。在圣•保罗使徒书与在别的圣经中有很多对父母制，老婆对老公的服从支持。可是有的文本镌刻着一种完全不一样的政治看法，鼓吹妇女精神平等：”人没犹太和希腊之分，没束缚或自由之分，没男女之分，由于在耶酥基督面前，你们都是一样。“
A. 它什么也没做。不对。 C. 它支持妇女。也不对，只有某些版本支持。 D. 它求助于上帝。它借上帝之名压制妇女。第一段：“因此，妇女第一服从爸爸，然后服从老公，体现了英国人民服从他们的君主，所有基督徒服从上帝。”
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