Cultureisoneofthemostchallengingelementsoftheinternationalmarketplace.『Thissystemoflearnedbehaviorpatternscharacteristicofthemembersofagivensocietyisconstantlyshapedbyasetofdynamicvariables:language,religion,valuesandattitudes,mannersandcustoms,aesthetics,technology,education,andsocialinstitutions.』①Tocopewiththissystem,aninternationalmanagerneedsbothfactualandinterpretiveknowledgeofculture.Tosomeextent,thefactualknowledgecanbelearned;itsinterpretationcomesonlythroughexperience. Themostcomplicatedproblemsindealingwiththeculturalenvironmentstemfromthefactthatonecannotlearncultureonehastoliveit.Twoschoolsofthoughtexistinthebusinessworldonhowtodealwithculturalpersity.Oneisthatbusinessisbusinesstheworldaround,followingthemodelofPepsiandMcDonalds.Insomecases,globalizationisafactoflife;however,culturaldifferencesarestillfarfromconverging. Theotherschoolproposesthatcompaniesmusttailorbusinessapproachestoinpidualcultures.Settinguppoliciesandproceduresineachcountryhasbeencomparedtoanorgantransplant;thecriticalquestioncentersaroundacceptanceorrejection.Themajorchallengetotheinternationalmanageristomakesurethatrejectionisnotaresultofculturalmyopiaorevenblindness. Fortuneexaminedtheinternationalperformanceofadozenlargecompaniesthatearn20percentormoreoftheirrevenueoverseas.Theinternationallysuccessfulcompaniesallshareanimportantquality:patience.Theyhavenotrushedintosituationsbutratherbuilttheiroperationscarefullybyfollowingthemostbasicbusinessprinciples.Theseprinciplesaretoknowyouradversary,knowyouraudience,andknowyourcustomer. 1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrue? A.Allinternationalmanagerscanlearnculture. B.Businesspersityisnotnecessary. C.Viewsdifferonhowtotreatcultureinbusinessworld. Ｄ.Mostpeopledonotknowforeignculturewell. 2.Accordingtotheauthor,themodelofPepsi. Ａ.isinlinewiththetheoriesoftheschooladvocatingthebusinessisbusinesstheworldaround Ｂ.isdifferentfromthemodelofMcDonalds Ｃ.showstherever网站优化fglobalization Ｄ.hasconvergedculturaldifferences 3.Thetwoschoolsofthought. Ａ.bothproposethatcompaniesshouldtailorbusinessapproachestoinpidualcultures Ｂ.bothadvocatethatdifferentpoliciesbesetupindifferentcountries Ｃ.admittheexistenceofculturalpersityinbusinessworld Ｄ.BothＡandＢ 4.Thisarticleissupposedtobemostusefulforthose. A.whoareinterestedinresearchingtheTOPicofculturalpersity B.whohaveconnectionstomorethanonetypeofculture C.whowanttotravelabroad D.whowanttorunbusinessonInternationalScale 5.AccordingtoFortune,successfulinternationalcompanies. Ａ.earn20percentormoreoftheirrevenueoverseas Ｂ.allhavethequalityofpatience Ｃ.willfollowtheoverseaslocalcultures Ｄ.adoptthepolicyofinternationalization Vocabulary 1.dynamicadj.动态的 2.variablen.变量 3.aestheticsn.美学 4.factualadj.事实的 5.interpretativeadj.讲解的 6.convergev.聚合 7.transplantv.移植 8.myopian.近视 9.adversaryn.对手 长难句分析 ①此句虽然非常长，但考生只须认清它的主干，就比较容易知道本句的意思。这个句子为一个简单句，主语为：thissystem，谓语为isshaped。 特定社会成员特征构成的行为方法体系不断地被一系列动态变量所左右：如语言、信仰、价值与态度、礼仪与风俗、审美、技术、教育及社会体制。 答案与解析 本文主要讲述文化背景对商业运作的影响，文中列举了商界中存在的对于文化多样性的两种看法。 1.C判断题。意为对在商业中如何对待文化有着不认可见。文化在商业中是一个非常具挑战性的原因。不一样的国家与区域或许会有不一样的文化体系。在商业中，应该如何对待不一样的文化，商业界存在着不一样的怎么看。 2.Ａ细节题。意为与赞同世界商业一体化的派别的倡导是一致的。Pepsi采纳的是国际化的商业风格，这与那些倡导国际化的派别的建议是相一致的。 3.C判断题。意为承认商业世界中文化的多元性。两个派别都承认商业世界中文化的多元性。他们的不同在于，应该对待不一样的文化，应该搞国际化还是对不一样的文化采取不一样的方案。 4.D主旨题。由文中的例子可以了解，作者主要关心的并非研究多种文化形态，而是文化背景对商业运作的影响。所以D是正确答案。 5.Ｂ细节题。意为都具备耐心这一素质。并不是所有成功的国际企业的国外收入都占总收入的20%或以上。它们也不肯定全都接纳国外的当地文化，或是采纳国际化方案。
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