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法律英语|美国的绍兴师爷

来源:www.olive-yun.com 2024-01-28
在民间传闻中,绍兴师爷是与绍兴酒齐名的。可惜,《汉英词典》和它的蓝奉《现代汉语词典》一样,只收绍兴酒而不收绍兴师爷。如此,要在这种词书中求 绍兴师爷的概念,殆不可得了。凭个人印象,绍兴师爷与通常师爷不同:第一,传闻中的绍兴师爷多指刑名师爷;第二,绍兴师爷不同于普通的刑名师爷师爷而冠以绍兴,乃指其办案的水平有其过人之处,非普通的刑名师爷乃至讼师可比。当然,师爷是师爷,讼师是讼师。 讼师中有一些特别恶劣的,则在尚未晋升为讼棍之前,至少已经是恶讼师了。这恶讼师英语大概是译做shyster的吧。

但绍兴师爷却不可以通常地同恶讼师一例看待。这并非说绍兴师爷都是正人君子,而是说并不是个个绍兴师爷都是恶讼师。因此,不可以用英语shyster译汉语绍兴师爷。那样,绍兴师爷译什么好呢?

先来看看绍兴酒的英译,或许可供参考。据(汉英词典》,绍兴酒英语为Shaoxing ricewine。这个译名无疑是正确的,但也无疑是累赘的(既然茅台酒可以译做Maotai,为何就不允许把绍兴酒译做 Shaoxing(wine呢?)。那样能否比照绍兴酒把绍兴师爷译做Shaoxing lawyer1呢?怕不可以可能英美人看了感觉莫名其妙:什么Shaoxinng lawyer?中国是否还有Maotai lawyer呢?

撇开绍兴酒,从绍兴师爷本身来讲,好像可意译,为shrewd lawyer.如此译,英美人看了,懂是懂的,但好像有点委屈了绍兴没把它译出来。所谓译出来,就是要在英语中物色一个与国内绍兴相当的地方,而且那个地方的律师又和绍兴师爷同样闻名。这个地方就是美国的费城!中国曾有绍兴师爷,美国也有费城律师。据此,建议把绍兴师爷译做Philadelphia lawyer,把Philadelphia lawyer译成绍兴师爷。

Philadelphia lawyer据韦氏国际词典)三版没什么修辞色彩是个中性词。果然这样,Philadelphia lawyer和绍兴师爷,就英语和汉语这两种语言来讲,简直就是天生的一对对应词呢。

不过,日本研究社版新英和大辞典却说Philadelphia lawyer一词有轻蔑的修辞色彩,不知其何所据,姑照录不误以供参考。

最后,不管修辞色彩怎么样,还要哕嗦两句:恐怕这两个词对译也有问题,由于有文化背景方面的障碍,譬如中国读者会奇怪为何美国有绍兴师爷?同理,美国读者同样有权纳闷儿大家的Philadelphia lawyers,如何到中国去practice了?!这就得在具体译文中具体解决了


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