英语单项填空考试知识点——名词
名词类考试知识点主要涉及：
1. 不可数名词的使用方法特征： 没复数形式； 前面不可直接用不定冠词； 可用 little, much, a great deal, a lot of, plenty of, a large amount of, a large quantity of, some, any等修饰，但不可用 few, many, a large number of, scores of, dozens of等修饰； 表示数目时不可在前面直接加数词，而要用a piece of之类的结构。
2. 不可数名词与可数名词的转化： 有的物质名词表示不同类型时可以用复数形式。如，fishes, fruits, teas, all weathers； 有的抽象名词表示具体的事物时，是可数名词。如，shame / pity, interest, pleasure, surprise, disappointment, success , difficulty , help 等； 表示“一场 / 段 / 件…”时，要用a，此时一般有形容词或of短语修饰。如，a fine rain,a heavy snow, a long time； 表示“一杯 / 罐 / 瓶”的tea, coffee, drink, beer等，可以用a或数词修饰，也有复数形式。如two teas and a coffee； 有些名词可数与否由意思而定。如，paper, glass, time, exercise, experience, work, room等； 有的不可数名词是无论那种情况下也没复数形式的；即便受形容词修饰也不可以加不定冠词。如，advice, fun, homework, information, news, progress, equipment, furniture, baggage / luggage, jewellery, clothing等。
3. 名词的所有格： 有生命的人或物的所有格用’s表示；有些也可用of表示。如a man’s voice=the voice of a man； 无生命的东西的所有格一般用of表示。如the leg of the table； 表示时间、距离、金额、天体、国家或城市等的名词也用’s表示。如two days’ journey； 当被修饰的名词前有指示代词、疑问代词、不定代词或数词等限定词时，用双重所有格。如two friends of my father’s。
4.“of + 抽象名词”的使用方法： 与形容词使用方法相同，在句中可作表语、定语、补语； 在use, value, help, importance, difference等前面，可用little, some, any, no, great, not much等修饰； 有些可用同根形容词代替，如of great value=very valuable。
5. 名词作定语的使用方法：作定语的名词总是是说明中心名词的材料、作用与功效、时间、地址、内容、类别等；作定语的名词一般用单数形式，但man, woman却要与所修饰的名词的数一致，而sports, sales, clothes, goods只用复数形式。如a stone bridge, a meeting room, morning exercise, London Airport, a story book，a coffee cup, two women teachers, a sports meet等。
6. 固定搭配中的名词：如free of charge, do a good deed, learn…by heart, use one’s head, make up one’s mind, take a message for, take the place of, take care of, pay attention to, take part in, play a part / role in, keep in touch with, as a result of, in other words, have a word with等。
7. 在语境中选择适合的名词。
依据语境，从意义相近或拼写一样的几个名词中选出一个最适合的选项。
1. 平常注意搜集一些意义相相近和拼写一样的词汇；
2. 结合语境，依据句子意思和前后搭配，选出正确的选项。
1. He gained his _____ by printing _____of famous writers.
A. wealth; work B. wealths; works
C. wealths; work D. wealth; works
2. If this dictionary is not yours, _______can it be?
A. what else B. who else C. which else’s D. who else’s
3. You’ll find this map of great ______in helping you to get round London.
A. price B. cosplayt C. value D. usefulness
4. If by any chance someone comes to see me, ask them to leave a ______.
A. message B. letter C. sentence D. notice
5. —I’m sorry I stepped outside for a smoke. I was very tired.
—There is no _____for this while you are on duty.
A. reason B. excuse C. cause D. explanation
6. “I don’t think it’s my _____that the TV blew up. I just turned it on, that’s all,” said the boy.
A. error B. mistake C. fault D. duty
7. I’ll look into the matter as soon as possible. Just have a little _____.
A. wait B. time C. patience D. rest
8. Many countries are increasing their use of natural gas, wind and other forms of _____.
A. energy B. source C. power D. material
9. Those football players had no strict _____until they joined our club.
A. practice B. education C. exercise D. training
10. We all know that _____speak louder than words.
A. movements B. performances C. operations D. actions
11. My parents always let me have my own _____of living.
A. way B. method C. manner D. fashion
12. The new law will come into _____on the day it is passed.
A. effect B. use C. service D. existence
13. For the sake of her daughter’s health, she decided to move to a warm _____.
A. weather B. temperature C. season D. climate
1. D。wealth是不可数名词，没复数形式，排除B和C；work作“工作”解是不可数名词，但作“作品、著作”解是可数名词，可加a，但一般用复数形式。
2. D。who else的所有格是who else’s。
3. C。of great value 与very valuable相当，在句中作宾补。price价格, cosplayt成本，usefulness不需要于of这种结构。
4. A。leave a message留下口信或便条。letter信件, sentence句子, notice公告。
5. B。考查在语境中选择适合的名词。excuse , reason , cause , explanation 。
6. C。fault过失、责任，mistake错误, error 错误。
7. C。have a little patience有点耐心。
8. A。natural gas 和 wind 均为“能”，即energy，而不是source，power，material。
9. D。运动员应当是通过严格的练习。practice实践，education教育，exercise训练。
10. D。［谚］行动胜过言辞。
11. A。have one’s own way of doing sth是惯用句式。
12. A。come into effect 是习语。
13. D。climate此处意为“地带”。
