分词的独立主格结构的使用方法与理解
■湖南 陈仁祯
依据英语习惯，分词用作状语时，它的逻辑主语应与句子主语一致，不然就应改用其他句型。如：
他生病了，大家把他送到了医院。
误：Being ill, we took him to the hospital.
正：Being ill, he was taken to the hospital by us.
句中的“误”句之所以有误，不止是由于这句话与相应的中文不吻合，而且该句本身的意思也是非常荒唐的——句中的分词短语being ill为缘由状语，按理说它的逻辑主语应该是“大家”，所以该句的实质意思就是：因为大家生病了，所以大家把他送到了医院。假如真是如此，那“大家”得的就是精神病了。由于自己生病，还要把其他人送到医院，够荒唐的吧！假如改用上面的“正”句，意思就通顺了——由于他生病了，所以他被大家送到了医院。
除去以上方法以外，还有其他的方法可以解决分词的逻辑主语与句子主语不同的问题吗？有！大家还可以在分词前加一个名词或代词，使之成为分词的逻辑主语。因为加在分词前的名词或代词要用主格形式，所以大家称这种结构为独立主格结构，如上面一句也可改写为：He being ill, we took him to the hospital. 为了帮助大伙理解，大家对这个含有独立主格的句子剖析如下：
第一，它是一个简单句，不是复合句，更不是并列句，由于句中的he being ill只不过一个用作状语的分词短语，句子只有一个主谓结构，所以它是简单句。
第二，这个句子不可以改为：He was ill, we took him to the hospital. 由于如此一来，它就成了两个句子，但句子间却没相应的衔接方法，所以就错了！
为何会错了呢？由于，英语句子从结构上看，只有三类型型，即要么是简单句，要么是并列句，要么就是复合句，此外，没有其他的句子种类。He was ill, we took him to the hospital.这个句子的错误就是，它不是简单句，更不是并列句，更不是复合句。所以假如大家将这个句子改成以下形式则是完全正确的：
正：He was ill, and we took him to the hospital.
正：He was ill, so we took him to the hospital.
正：Because he was ill, we took him to the hospital.
正：He was ill, so he was taken to the hospital by us.
正：Because he was ill, he was taken to the hospital by us.
为了帮助大伙理解，大家再举几个例子来看看：
That day being Sunday, we had no classes. 那天是星期天，大家没课。
that day being Sunday为独立主格结构，其中的that day为目前分词being Sunday的逻辑主语。假如要将being改为was也可以，那句子就需要处置成并列句或复合句。比较：
That day was Sunday, and we had no classes. 那天是星期天，大家没课。
That day was Sunday, so we had no classes. 那天是星期天，所以大家没课。
As that day was Sunday, we had no classes. 因为那天是星期天，所以大家没课。
