4、容易混淆的介词：
[考试说明] 熟练学会介词in、on、at、to、from、by、with、for、about、before的容易见到使用方法；理解这11个介词的其他使用方法及所学其他介词的一般使用方法。
1. above over; below1 under
[误] Our classroom is over theirs.
[正] Our classroom is above theirs.
[误] The plane flew3 above the bridge4.
[正] The plane flew over the bridge.
[误] The lights hung5 above the desk.
[正] The lights hung over the desk.
above、over都表示在上面，且都表示表面不接触的上方，但over指垂直在上，而above则表示地方较高，可能不是正上方。
below、under都表示在下面，below指地方低于某物或在某物的下方，但不肯定在某物的正下方，其反义词是above，而under指在某物的正下方，有垂直在下的意思，其反义词是over。
2. by on over through
[误] Theyre talking on the radio.
[正] Theyre talking by radio.
通过无线电交谈习惯上说talk by radio，名词前不加冠词。
通过收音机听到习惯上说hear sth. on/over/through the radio，名词前加冠词。
通过电视看到习惯上说watch sth. on TV。
通过电话交谈习惯上说talk with sb. on/over the telephone。
通过人造卫星收发电视节目习惯上说through man-made6 satellites7。
3. in on to
[误] Tian wan8 is to the east of China.
[误] Tian wan is on the east of China.
[正] Tian wan is in the east of China.
表示方位在边)时，介词in、on、to有不一样的使用方法。以在东部为例，表示在该地范围之内，用in the east of，表示在该地与某地相邻，有接壤之意，用on the east of，表示不在该地范围，且有中间物，用to the east of。
4. in the end at the end of by the end of at last
都有最后的意思，但in the end表示结果，末了，与at last是近义词组，at the end of表示在末端，尽头，后面要接名词短语，by the end of表示在结束时，末了为止，后面接时间短语。
5. to for toward
[误] He is leaving to HongKong next month.
[正] He is leaving for HongKong next month.
to，toward作静态介词，表示静态地方时，均表示朝或向，一般两者可通用，towards指时间将近，意思是nearly；to则表示一段时间的终点，差到的意思；for常用在leave、start等后面，表示要去的目的地，不可用to。
5、容易混淆的连词：
[考试说明] 学会并列连词和从属连词的基本使用方法。
1. because since9 as2 for
[误] Because he was10 ill, so he didnt go to school today.
[正] Because he was ill, he didnt go to school today.
[正] He didnt go to school today because he was ill.
because一般表示说话人觉得这种理由或缘由是正式的原因。在含because的句子中，全句强调的重点在缘由上，不在主句的结果上。因此，回答why提出的问题时，只可以用because，不可以用since、as或for。because of后面只能跟短语，不可以跟从句。
since表示是什么原因，指大家已知的事实，常译为既然，引导的从句只不过一种附带的说明缘由，不是对缘由的强调。because与since不可以与so连用。
as表示缘由与since差别不大，只不过语气更弱，是显而易见的原因。
for表示因果关系时，可与because替换用，所不一样的只不过它只能放在主句之后，不可以放在句首。在含for的句子里，for从句有时只不过对主句补充说明理由或判断缘由，与前一分句没有因果关系。
2.either11or neither12nor not onlybut also bothand
[误] Either he or I are right.
[正] Either he or I am right.
前三个连词连接名词、代词等作主语时，谓语动词要与离其近期的主语的单复数一致，bothand的谓语动词则要用复数。
6、容易混淆的代词：
[考试说明] 熟练学会人称代词主格、宾格形式及基本使用方法，在口语和书面语的表达中正确运用；学会形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的基本使用方法；学会反身代词作为宾语和同位语的基本使用方法；熟练学会指示代词和疑问代词的基本使用方法。
1. either each none13 neither both all some
[误] Either of the books are good.
[正] Either of the books is good.
either/ each / none / neither of+复数名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数， 其中neither的也可用复数；both/ all /some of+复数名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
[模拟训练]
1. Mum, Im very thirsty. Is there _____ in the fridge?
A. some milkB. any juiceC. any breadD. some cakes
2. What time is it?
--Sorry. I dont have a ______.
A. bookB. watchC. penD. picture
3. ______ is ______.
A. Orange, orangeB. Orange, an orange
C. An orange, orange D. An ranges15, an orange
4. Oh. Its time ______.
A. for breakB. to breakC. for a breakD. to a break
5. The novel16 is very ______. Im ______ in it.
A. interest17, interestB. interesting, interesting
C. interested18, interestedD. interesting, interested
6. Although19 the man lived ______, he didnt feel ______ because he had20 quite ______ old friends.
A. lonely21, lonely, fewB. alone23, alone, few22
C. alone, lonely, a fewD. lonely, alone, a few
7. Everyday24 Mr. Green got25 ______ the lift and then got ______ his car to go to work.
A. on, offB. into, out, of
C. off26, onD. out of, into
8. The jacket is so expensive. It ______ me a lot of money.
A. takesB. spendsC. paysD. cosplayts27
9. Dont throw about the paper. Please ______.
A. pick28 up itB. pick it upC. picks29 up itD. picks it up
10. Please hurry up! The plane ______ in a few minutes.
A. takes downB. will take away
C. takes placeD. will take off
11. His brother enjoys ______ football matches.
A. seeingB. lookingC. watchingD. finding30
12. You may ______ we go to visit our uncle.
A. sayB. tellC. speakD. talk
13. When we ran14 to the railway31 station, the plane just ______.
A. reachedB. gotC. arrivedD. went
14. China has ______ several32 manmade satellites into space.
A. sent upB. sent forC. sent awayD. sent back
15. You can ______ the book until33 you finish ______ it.
A. borrow34, looking B. lend35, watching
C. keep, readingD. return36, seeing
16. The box is ______. You cant put ______ in it.
A. empty, somethingB. empty, anything
C. full, somethingD. full, anything
17. China is a ______ country in the world.
A. bigB. hugeC.tallD. great
18. There is ______ time for me to think. I must leave at once.
A. fewB. a fewC. littleD. a little
19. Girls always try to keep their rooms ______.
A. cleanB. cleaningC. to cleanD. cleans
20. You look pretty today. --______.
A. Youre right.B. All right.
C. No. Youre not right.D. Thank you.
答案： 1. C 2. B 3. C 4. C 5. D 6. C 7. D 8. D 9. B 10. D 11. C 12. A 13. C 14. A 15. C 16. D 17. D 18. C 19. A 20. D
